Strain Name:
STOCK Adora1tm1Jgsc Adora3tm1Jbsn Adora2atm1Jfc Adora2btm1Till/ReiMmjax
Stock Number:
066730-JAX
Citation ID:
RRID:MMRRC_066730-JAX
Other Names:
Adora QKO

Strain Information

Adora1tm1Jgsc
Name: adenosine A1 receptor; targeted mutation 1, Jurgen Schnermann
Synonyms: A1-, A1AR-, A1KO
Type: Allele
Species: Mus musculus (mouse)
Chromosome: 1
Alteration at locus: Knockout
Adora3tm1Jbsn
Name: adenosine A3 receptor; targeted mutation 1, Marlene A Jacobson
Synonyms: A3AR-, A3-, A3R-, A3KO
Type: Allele
Species: Mus musculus (mouse)
Chromosome: 3
Alteration at locus: Knockout
Adora2atm1Jfc
Name: adenosine A2a receptor; targeted mutation 1, Jiang-Fan Chen
Synonyms: A2aR-, A2A, A2AAR-, gKO, A2AR KO, Adora2atm1Chren, A2A KO
Type: Allele
Species: Mus musculus (mouse)
Chromosome: 10
Alteration at locus: Knockout
Adora2btm1Till
Name: adenosine A2b receptor; targeted mutation 1, Stephen Tilley
Synonyms: A2b-
Type: Allele
Species: Mus musculus (mouse)
Chromosome: 11
Alteration at locus: Knockout
Adora2a
Name: adenosine A2a receptor
Synonyms: A2aR, A2AAR, AA2AR, A2a, Rs, ARA2A
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 10
Alteration at locus: Knockout
NCBI: 11540
VEGA: 10
HGNC: HGNC:263
Homologene: 20166
Adora3
Name: adenosine A3 receptor
Synonyms: A3AR, ARA3, Gpcr 2, 4930578J19Rik, AA3R, A3R, 1700001D09Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 3
Alteration at locus: Knockout
NCBI: 11542
HGNC: HGNC:268
Homologene: 550
Adora2b
Name: adenosine A2b receptor
Synonyms: A2b, A2BR, AA2BR, A2b, Rs, A2BAR, ARA2B
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 11
Alteration at locus: Knockout
NCBI: 11541
HGNC: HGNC:264
Homologene: 20167
Adora1
Name: adenosine A1 receptor
Synonyms: A1AR, A1R, A1-AR, Ri, AA1R, ARA1
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 1
Alteration at locus: Knockout
NCBI: 11539
HGNC: HGNC:262
Homologene: 20165
Genetic Alterations
Adenosine receptor quadruple knockout (QKO) mice (Adora1−/−;Adora2a−/−;Adora2b−/−;Adora3−/−) were produced by crossing the previously characterized individual adenosine receptor KO mice.
ES Cell Line
  • Adora1 allele: R1 ((129X1/SvJ x 129S1/Sv)F1-Kitl+)
  • Adora2a allele: J1 (129S4/SvJae)
  • Adora2b and Adora3 alleles: E14TG2a (129P2/OlaHsd)
Phenotype
Adenosine is a constituent of many molecules of life; increased free extracellular adenosine indicates cell damage or metabolic stress. The importance of adenosine signaling in basal physiology, as opposed to adaptive responses to danger/damage situations, is unclear. We generated mice lacking all four adenosine receptors (ARs), Adora1-/-;Adora2a-/-;Adora2b-/-;Adora3-/- (quad knockout or QKO), to enable investigation of the AR dependence of physiologic processes, focusing on body temperature. The QKO mice demonstrate that ARs are not required for growth, metabolism, breeding, and body temperature regulation (diurnal variation, response to stress, and torpor). However, the mice showed decreased survival starting at about 15 weeks of age. While adenosine agonists cause profound hypothermia via each AR, adenosine did not cause hypothermia (or bradycardia or hypotension) in QKO mice, indicating that AR-independent signals do not contribute to adenosine-induced hypothermia. The hypothermia elicited by adenosine kinase inhibition (with A134974), inosine, or uridine also required ARs, as each was abolished in the QKO mice. The proposed mechanism for uridine-induced hypothermia is inhibition of adenosine transport by uridine, increasing local extracellular adenosine levels. In contrast, adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-induced hypothermia was attenuated in QKO mice, demonstrating roles for both AR-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms in this process. The physiology of the QKO mice appears to be the sum of the individual knockout mice, without clear evidence for synergy, indicating that the actions of the four ARs are generally complementary. The phenotype of the QKO mice suggests that, while extracellular adenosine is a signal of stress, damage, and/or danger, it is less important for baseline regulation of body temperature.
MeSH Terms
  • Animals
  • Blood Pressure/genetics
  • Blood Pressure/physiology
  • Body Temperature/genetics
  • Body Temperature/physiology
  • Caffeine/pharmacology
  • Female
  • Genotype
  • Heart Rate/genetics
  • Heart Rate/physiology
  • Hypothermia/chemically induced
  • Hypothermia/genetics
  • Hypothermia/metabolism
  • Inosine/pharmacology
  • Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Phenotype
  • Receptor, Adenosine A1/genetics
  • Receptor, Adenosine A1/metabolism
  • Receptor, Adenosine A2A/genetics
  • Receptor, Adenosine A2A/metabolism
  • Receptor, Adenosine A2B/genetics
  • Receptor, Adenosine A2B/metabolism
  • Receptor, Adenosine A3/genetics
  • Receptor, Adenosine A3/metabolism
  • Uridine/toxicity
  • Adenosine/physiology
  • Arterioles/physiology
  • Electrolytes/blood
  • Electrolytes/urine
  • Energy Metabolism
  • Feedback
  • Glomerular Filtration Rate
  • Hemodynamics
  • Juxtaglomerular Apparatus/physiology
  • Kidney Tubules/physiology
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Models, Animal
  • Oxygen Consumption
  • RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
  • Receptors, Purinergic P1/chemistry
  • Receptors, Purinergic P1/deficiency
  • Receptors, Purinergic P1/genetics
  • Receptors, Purinergic P1/physiology
  • Renal Circulation/physiology
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Sodium Chloride/metabolism
  • Vasoconstriction/physiology
  • Aging/physiology
  • Blood Pressure
  • Body Temperature
  • Brain/anatomy & histology
  • Brain/physiology
  • Brain/physiopathology
  • Brain Injury, Chronic/etiology
  • Brain Injury, Chronic/genetics
  • Brain Injury, Chronic/physiopathology
  • Cerebral Cortex/blood supply
  • Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology
  • Genomic Library
  • Heart Rate
  • Hemodynamics/physiology
  • Homozygote
  • Ischemic Attack, Transient/complications
  • Ischemic Attack, Transient/genetics
  • Ischemic Attack, Transient/physiopathology
  • Motor Activity
  • Receptor, Adenosine A2A
  • Regional Blood Flow
  • Anaphylaxis/immunology
  • Anaphylaxis/metabolism
  • Antigens/administration & dosage
  • Bucladesine/pharmacology
  • Calcium Signaling/drug effects
  • Cell Degranulation/drug effects
  • Cyclic AMP/metabolism
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Interleukin-6/biosynthesis
  • Mast Cells/drug effects
  • Mast Cells/immunology
  • Mast Cells/physiology
  • Receptor, Adenosine A2B/deficiency
  • Receptors, IgE/metabolism
  • Signal Transduction
  • Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
  • Adenosine/metabolism
  • Adenosine/pharmacology
  • Gene Targeting/methods
  • Inflammation/genetics
  • Mast Cells/metabolism
  • Protein Binding
  • RNA, Messenger/metabolism
  • Receptor, Adenosine A3
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
  • Xanthines/metabolism
  • beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/metabolism
Strain Development
The Adora QKO mouse was created by breeding the four previously characterized single adenosine receptor knockout mice together, which were:


  1. Adora2a−/− (in mixed background) and Adora2b−/− (in C57BL/6J background) mice were crossed to obtain Adora2a+/−; Adora2b+/− mice
  2. Adora1−/− and Adora3−/− (both in C57BL/6J background) were bred to obtain Adora1+/−; Adora3+/− mice, and then Adora1+/−; Adora3+/− mice were crossed with Adora1−/− to obtain Adora1−/−; Adora3+/− mice; Adora1−/−; Adora3+/− mice were bred with together to produce A1A3 double knockout (DKO) mice (Adora1−/−; Adora3−/−);
  3. Adora2a+/−; Adora2b+/− and A1A3 DKO mice were bred to produce quad het mice (Adora1+/−;Adora2a+/−;Adora2b+/−;Adora3+/−);
  4. Quad het mice (Adora1+/−;Adora2a+/−;Adora2b+/−;Adora3+/−) were bred together to produce Adora QKO (Adora1−/−;Adora2a−/−;Adora2b−/−;Adora3−/−) mice;
  5. The QKO mice were bred together to produce experimental mice.
Suggested Control Mice
Control mice were produced from breeding quad het mice (Adora1+/−;Adora2a+/−;Adora2b+/−;Adora3+/−) together. Mice heterozygous or wild-type for each locus served as controls, therefore having a similar genetic background as the QKO mice. Of note, due to the in-breeding status to maintain the mice, the Donor submits that the better controls could be C57BL/6J mice, as the original Adora1-/-, Adora2b-/- and Adora3-/- mice were all on C57BL/6J background.
MMRRC Genetic QC Summary
The MMRRC Centers have developed a genetic QC pipeline using MiniMUGA array genotyping to provide additional information on strain backgrounds for MMRRC congenic and inbred strains. For more information on when data may be available, or to request genotyping for a strain of interest, please contact csmmrrc@jax.org. Older strains may not have this information.
  • Cell Biology
  • Endocrine Deficiency
  • Metabolism
  • Research Tools
Donor
Marc Reitman, M.D., National Institutes of Health (NIH), NIDDK.
Jiang-Fan Chen, M.D., Boston University, School of Medicine.
Marlene Jacobson, Ph.D., Temple University.
Stephen Tilley, M.D., UNC School of Medicine.
Juergen Schnermann, M.D., NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
Primary Reference

Xiao C, Liu N, Jacobson KA, Gavrilova O, Reitman ML. Physiology and effects ofnucleosides in mice lacking all four adenosine receptors. PLoS Biol. 2019 Mar1;17(3):e3000161. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000161. eCollection 2019 Mar. (Medline PMID: 30822301)

Sun D, Samuelson LC, Yang T, Huang Y, Paliege A, Saunders T, Briggs J,Schnermann J. Mediation of tubuloglomerular feedback by adenosine: evidence from mice lacking adenosine 1 receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Aug14;98(17):9983-8. (Medline PMID: 11504952)

Chen JF, Huang Z, Ma J, Zhu J, Moratalla R, Standaert D, Moskowitz MA, FinkJS, Schwarzschild MA. A(2A) adenosine receptor deficiency attenuates brain injuryinduced by transient focal ischemia in mice. J Neurosci. 1999 Nov1;19(21):9192-200. (Medline PMID: 10531422)

Hua X, Kovarova M, Chason KD, Nguyen M, Koller BH, Tilley SL. Enhanced mastcell activation in mice deficient in the A2b adenosine receptor. J Exp Med. 2007 Jan 22;204(1):117-28. Epub 2007 Jan 2. Erratum in: J Exp Med. 2007 Apr16;204(4):963. (Medline PMID: 17200408)

Salvatore CA, Tilley SL, Latour AM, Fletcher DS, Koller BH, Jacobson MA.Disruption of the A(3) adenosine receptor gene in mice and its effect onstimulated inflammatory cells. J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 11;275(6):4429-34. (Medline PMID: 10660615)

Colony and Husbandry Information

QKO x QKO breeding is required to keep the QKO line. For control mice, breeding of heterozygous female/male should be avoided, or genotyping to confirm that the mice are not KO for any of the four loci.

Cryo-recovered strains distributed by the MMRRC at JAX are shipped to the customer from the Pathogen & Opportunistic-Free Animal Room G200 - see https://www.jax.org/jax-mice-and-services/customer-support/customer-service/animal-health/health-status-reports.

Mice recovered from a cryo-archive will have health surveillance performed on recipient females. Health reports will be provided prior to shipment. If you require additional health status information, please email csmmrrc@jax.org.
Coat Color
Since the mouse is in mixed background, the coat color can be black, white, agouti, or others.
Eye
Variable
MMRRC Breeding System
Random intra-strain mating
Breeding Scheme(s)
When maintaining a live colony, these mice are bred by females heterozygous for Adora1 and homozygous for the other 3 alleles x males homozygous for all four alleles. At The MMRRC at The Jackson Laboratory(JAX), quadruple homozygote sibling matings are possible, but please be aware that the breeding is considered poor.
Generation
N/A
Overall Breeding Performance
Good
Viability and Fertility: Female Male Comments
Homozygotes are viable: Reduced Reduced
Homozygotes are fertile: Yes Yes
Heterozygotes are fertile: Yes Yes
Age Reproductive Decline: 7 to 9 months 7 to 9 months
Bred to Homozygosity
Yes
Average litter size
Variable
Recommended wean age
3 Weeks
Average Pups Weaned
Variable

Order Request Information

Limited quantities of breeder mice (recovered litter) are available from a cryoarchive; recovered litter usually available to ship in 3 to 4 months.

Cryopreserved material may be available upon request, please inquire to csmmrrc@jax.org for more information.

The donor or their institution limits the distribution to non-profit institutions only.

Distribution of this strain requires submission of the MMRRC Conditions of Use (COU). A link to the COU web form will be provided via email after an order has been placed; the form should be completed then or the email forwarded to your institutional official for completion.

Additional charges may apply for any special requests. Shipping costs are in addition to the basic distribution/resuscitation fees. Information on shipping costs and any additional charges will be provided by the supplying MMRRC facility.

Click button to Request this one strain. (Use the MMRRC Catalog Search to request more than one strain.)
MMRRC Item # Description Distribution Fee / Unit (US $)
*Shipping & Handling not included*
Units Notes
066730-JAX-EMBRYO Cryo-preserved embryos $1,038.00 / Non-Profit Aliquot Approximate quantity2 : 20-40 embryos / aliquot
066730-JAX-RESUS Litter recovered from cryo-archive $2,022.00 / Non-Profit Litter Recovered litter4; additional fees for any special requests.
Cryopreserved material may be available upon request, please inquire to csmmrrc@jax.org for more information.

1 The distribution fee covers the expense of rederiving mice from a live mouse; you will receive the resulting litter. The litter will contain at minimum one mutant carrier; the actual number of animals and the gender and genotype ratios will vary. (Typically, multiple breeder pairs can be established from the recovered litter.) Prior to shipment, the MMRRC will provide information about the animals recovered. If you anticipate or find that you need to request specific genotypes, genders or quantities of mice in excess of what is likely from a resuscitated litter, you may discuss available options and pricing with the supplying MMRRC facility.

2 An aliquot contains a sufficient number of embryos (in one or more vials or straws and based on the transfer success rate of the MMRRC facility) to transfer into one to three recipients. The MMRRC makes no guarantee concerning embryo transfer success experienced in the recipient investigator's laboratory. Neither gender nor genotype ratios are guaranteed.

3 An aliquot is one straw or vial with sufficient sperm to recover at least one litter of mice, as per provided protocols, when performed at the MMRRC facility. The MMRRC makes no guarantee concerning the success of these procedures when performed outside the MMRRC facilities.

4 The distribution fee covers the expense of resuscitating mice from the cryo-archive; you will receive the resulting litter. The litter will contain at minimum one mutant carrier; the actual number of animals and the gender and genotype ratios will vary. (Typically, multiple breeder pairs can be established from the recovered litter.) Prior to shipment, the MMRRC will provide information about the animals recovered. If you anticipate or find that you need to request specific genotypes, genders or quantities of mice in excess of what is likely from a resuscitated litter, you may discuss available options and pricing with the supplying MMRRC facility.

To request material from the MMRRC: Please fill out our on-line request form (accessible from the catalog search results page, or click the Request this Strain button in the fees section). If you have questions or need assistance completing this form, you may call Customer Service at (800) 910-2291 (in USA or Canada) or (530) 757-5710 (international calls). Before you call, please have with you: the MMRRC item number, quantity needed, Bill-to and Ship-to contact information.