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Homozygous/Homozygous: Mouse prolactin knockout mutation Prltm1Hmn must be homozygous in order for the gene to be fully eliminated; there is no phenotypic difference in animals that are homozygous for the human prolactin insertion, Tg(PRL)30Greg (compared to those that are hemizygous for the human prolactin insertion)Homozygous/Hemizygous: Human prolactin insertion Tg(PRL)30Greg is fully functional even with only one allele (hemizygous), and is able to recover reproductive deficits in the full (homozygous) mouse prolactin knockout females
Transgenic mice, Tg(PRL)30Greg, were generated by pronuclear microinjection of the DNA construct into fertilized (C57BL/6J X DBA2) hybrid mouse oocytes. Resulting offspring positive for the transgene were then backcrossed with C57BL/6J over several years.
The Prl knockout mice carrying Prltm1Hmn were generated by implanting correctly targeted D3 ES cells (129S2/SvPas) into blastocysts. Chimeric mice were sib-mated and backcrossed to C57BL/6 to congenicity.
PRL transgenic mice were crossed with homozygous Prl knockout mice to make one strain expressing human PRL in the absence of mouse Prl. The line has been maintained by sib-mating.
Horseman ND, Zhao W, Montecino-Rodriguez E, Tanaka M, Nakashima K, Engle SJ, Smith F, Markoff E, Dorshkind K. Defective mammopoiesis, but normal hematopoiesis, in mice with a targeted disruption of the prolactin gene. EMBO J. 1997 Dec 1;16(23):6926-35. (Medline PMID:9384572)
Christensen HR, Murawsky MK, Horseman ND, Willson TA, Gregerson KA. Completely humanizing prolactin rescues infertility in prolactin knockout mice and leads to human prolactin expression in extrapituitary mouse tissues. Endocrinology. 2013 Dec;154(12):4777-89. (Medline PMID: 24029242)
Colony Surveillance Program and Current Health Reports
Limited quantities of breeder mice (recovered litter) are available from a cryoarchive; recovered litter usually available to ship in 3 to 4 months.
Cryopreserved material may be available upon request, please inquire to mmrrc@missouri.edu for more information.
Distribution of this strain requires submission of the MMRRC Conditions of Use (COU). A link to the COU web form will be provided via email after an order has been placed; the form should be completed then or the email forwarded to your institutional official for completion.
The donor or their institution limits the distribution to non-profit institutions only.
Additional charges may apply for any special requests. Shipping costs are in addition to the basic distribution/resuscitation fees. Information on shipping costs and any additional charges will be provided by the supplying MMRRC facility.
1 The distribution fee covers the expense of rederiving mice from a live mouse; you will receive the resulting litter. The litter will contain at minimum one mutant carrier; the actual number of animals and the gender and genotype ratios will vary. (Typically, multiple breeder pairs can be established from the recovered litter.) Prior to shipment, the MMRRC will provide information about the animals recovered. If you anticipate or find that you need to request specific genotypes, genders or quantities of mice in excess of what is likely from a resuscitated litter, you may discuss available options and pricing with the supplying MMRRC facility.
2 An aliquot contains a sufficient number of embryos (in one or more vials or straws and based on the transfer success rate of the MMRRC facility) to transfer into one to three recipients. The MMRRC makes no guarantee concerning embryo transfer success experienced in the recipient investigator's laboratory. Neither gender nor genotype ratios are guaranteed.
3 An aliquot is one straw or vial with sufficient sperm to recover at least one litter of mice, as per provided protocols, when performed at the MMRRC facility. The MMRRC makes no guarantee concerning the success of these procedures when performed outside the MMRRC facilities.
4 The distribution fee covers the expense of resuscitating mice from the cryo-archive; you will receive the resulting litter. The litter will contain at minimum one mutant carrier; the actual number of animals and the gender and genotype ratios will vary. (Typically, multiple breeder pairs can be established from the recovered litter.) Prior to shipment, the MMRRC will provide information about the animals recovered. If you anticipate or find that you need to request specific genotypes, genders or quantities of mice in excess of what is likely from a resuscitated litter, you may discuss available options and pricing with the supplying MMRRC facility.