Strain Detail Sheet

Strain Name: C.129-Thy1a Foxp3sf/Mmnc

Stock Number: 010500-UNC

Other Names:

Gene Details: (provided by MGI)

Allele Symbol: Thy1a
Name: a variant
Chromosome: 9
Alteration at locus: Spontaneous Mutation
Allele Symbol: Foxp3sf
Name: scurfy
Alteration at locus: Spontaneous Mutation

Genetic Alterations:
Scurfy is a spontaneous mutation in the foxp3 gene on the X-chromosome.

Genotype Determination:

  • The genotyping protocol for this strain is currently not available. The MMRRC will develop a protocol if this strain is ordered.

ES Cell Line: Not applicable

Strain Description

Phenotype
Homozygous phenotype: Not applicable

Hemizygous phenotype: Hemizygous males die at 25-35 days of age with immune dysregulation and cytokine toxicity. Scurfy males lack CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Clinical signs include enlarged lymph nodes, hepatosplenomegaly, scaly skin, anemia, diarrhea.


Mammalian Phenotype Terms:(provided by MGI)      Extend all MPTs
      assigned by genotype

The following phenotype information may relate to one or more alleles on a genetic background differing from this MMRRC strain.
Foxp3sf/-
        involves: STOCK MR
  • mortality/aging
    • postnatal lethality (MGI Ref ID J:13126)
      • female mice that only have one X chromosome that carries this mutation die before being able to reproduce
  • vision/eye phenotype
    • delayed eyelid opening (MGI Ref ID J:13126)
      • eyelids are delayed in opening
  • integument phenotype
    • scaly skin (MGI Ref ID J:13126)
      • first the tail, and then other parts of the body exhibit scaliness
    • tight skin (MGI Ref ID J:13126)
      • mice also have tight skin
Foxp3/?
        Background Not Specified
  • immune system phenotype
    • liver inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:138808)
      • tissue displays extensive mononuclear cell infiltration
    • lung inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:138808)
      • tissue displays extensive mononuclear cell infiltration
      • tissue has dense predominantly peribronchovascular infiltrates, composed of CD4+ and Cd8+ T cells
  • liver/biliary system phenot ype
    • liver inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:138808)
      • tissue displays extensive mononuclear cell infiltration
  • respiratory system phenotype
    • lung inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:138808)
      • tissue displays extensive mononuclear cell infiltration
      • tissue has dense predominantly peribronchovascular infiltrates, composed of CD4+ and Cd8+ T cells
Foxp3sf/-
        B6.Cg-Foxp3<sf>
  • hematopoietic system phenotype
    • abnormal CD4-positive T cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:82560)
      • decreased CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell number (MGI Ref ID J:82560)
        • at 10 days of age there are significantly fewer CD4+ CD25+ T cells in the lymph nodes and thymus compared with controls and transfer of CD4+ CD25+ T cells from wild-type donors into 1- to 2-day old hemizygous pups rescues the disease phenotype
    • abnormal megakaryocyte progenitor cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:167802)
      • mutants exhibit about a 50% reduction in megakaryocyte progenitors
      • decreased megakaryocyte cell number (MGI Ref ID J:167802)
        • mutants exhibit about 4-fold less mature bone marrow megakaryocytes than controls
      • decreased platelet cell number (MGI Ref ID J:167802)
        • mutants exhibit up to 53% fewer platelets than controls
      • increased mean platelet volume (MGI Ref ID J:167802)
  • homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
    • abnormal homeostasis (MGI Ref ID J:167802)
      • mutants exhibit reduced serum levels of TGF-beta and increased serum levels of CD40L, TXB2, and 12(S)-HETE, suggesting altered platelet release
  • immune system phenotype
    • abnormal CD4-positive T cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:82560)
      • decreased CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell number (MGI Ref ID J:82560)
        • at 10 days of age there are significantly fewer CD4+ CD25+ T cells in the lymph nodes and thymus compared with controls and transfer of CD4+ CD25+ T cells from wild-type donors into 1- to 2-day old hemizygous pups rescues the disease phenotype
    • abnormal CD4-positive T cell physiology (MGI Ref ID J:82560)
      • CD4+ CD25+ T cells from 28 day old lymph nodes proliferate abnormally in response to TCR stimulation and fail to provide suppressor activity
      • transfer of CD4+ T cells from hemizygotes into RAG1 deficient hosts transfers the wasting disease and colitis and co-transfer of CD4+ CD25+ from wild-type donors prevents the development of this disease
Foxp3sf/-
        either: 129Rl.Cg-Foxp3<sf> or (involves: 101/Rl * C3Hf/Rl * STOCK MR)
  • mortality/aging
    • premature death (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • mean lifespan is about 24 days although a few survive to 30-39 days of age
  • growth/size phenotype
    • decreased body size (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
    • distended abdomen (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • swollen abdomen
  • vision/eye phenotype
    • blepharitis (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • scaliness on eyelids that seals the palpebral fissure
  • hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
    • scaly ears (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • crusting of the ears by 14-15 days of age
    • small ears (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • ears are small and sometimes folded
    • thick ears (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
  • reproductive system phenotype
    • abnormal male reproductive system morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • swelling and reddening of the genital papilla at 12-14 days of age
      • cryptorchism (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • testicles are retained in the abdominal cavity
      • small testis (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
  • immune system phenotype
    • abnormal B cell physiology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • IgA synthesis is precocious, detectable at P21 unlike in controls
      • increased IgG level (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • apparent as early as 10 days of age and ranges from 2-10 times the concentration in controls
      • increased IgM level (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
    • abnormal lymph node morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • lesions in the lymph nodes that contain a randomly distributed mixture of lymphoblasts, blastlike mononuclear cells with vesicular nuclei, hypertrophic ret iculum cells, macrophages, and granulocytes instead of small lymphocytes
      • complete loss of normal architecture
      • abnormal lymph node B cell domain morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • lack of discernible follicles
      • abnormal lymph node T cell domain morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • no distinct paracortex
      • abnormal lymph node medullary cord morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • thickening of the medullary cords
      • enlarged lymph nodes (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • subcutaneous lymph nodes such as inguinal, axillary, and cervical nodes and consistently enlarged while visceral lymph nodes are slightly or moderately enlarged
    • abnormal lymphocyte morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • exhibit lymphoproliferative lesions
    • abnormal macrophage morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • mild to moderate sinus histiocytosis in the lymph nodes
    • abnormal spleen morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • lesions in the spleen
      • abnormal spleen white pulp morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • white pulp may be enlarged or shrunken and is composed of blastlike mononuclear cells with vesicular nuclei, prominent reticulum cells, lymphoblasts, and variable number of plasma cells
        • occasional erythrophagocytic macrophages and plasma cells with Russel's bodies can be seen at the margins of the white pulp
        • abnormal spleen B cell follicle morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
          • follicles are lacking and lymphocytes are absent in the spleen
        • absent spleen marginal zone (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
          • distinct marginal zones are lacking
      • increased spleen red pulp amount (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • massively expanded by hematopoietic cells
      • increased spleen weight (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • spleen weights are 2-4 times those of controls
    • abnormal thymus morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • abnormal thymus cortex morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • the thymic cortex is rapidly depleted of lymphocytes over time
      • small thymus (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • a bilobed thymus is present but extremely small and is densely populated with lymphocytes
    • increased inflammatory response (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • perivascular infiltrates of mixed mononuclear cells and granulocytes are seen in heart, pancreas, lung, salivary gland, kidney, and mesenteries
      • blepharitis (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • scaliness on eyelids that seals the palpebral fissure
      • dermatitis (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • a diffuse lymphohistiocytic infiltration of the entire dermis that is most severe in the prepuce, ears, eyelids and facial skin
      • liver inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • leukocytic infiltrations are present in the portal areas of the liver
    • increased leukocyte cell number (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
  • hematopoietic system phenotype
    • abnormal erythrocyte morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • anemia (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • anisocytosis (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • decreased hematocrit (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • mean hematocrit values are about one half those of controls
      • decreased hemoglobin content (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • mean hemoglobin volumes are about one half those of controls
      • increased mean corpuscular volume (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • poikilocytosis (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • polychromatophilia (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
    • abnormal lymphocyte morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • exhibit lymphoproliferative lesions
    • abnormal macrophage morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • mild to moderate sinus histiocytosis in the lymph nodes
    • abnormal spleen morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • lesions in the spleen
      • abnormal spleen white pulp morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • white pulp may be enlarged or shrunken and is composed of blastlike mononuclear cells with vesicular nuclei, prominent reticulum cells, lymphoblasts, and variable number of plasma cells
        • occasional erythrophagocytic macrophages and plasma cells with Russel's bodies can be seen at the margins of the white pulp
        • abnormal spleen B cell follicle morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
          • follicles are lacking and lymphocytes are absent in the spleen
        • absent spleen marginal zone (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
          • distinct marginal zones are lacking
      • increased spleen red pulp amount (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • massively expanded by hematopoietic cells
      • increased spleen weight (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • spleen weights are 2-4 times those of controls
    • abnormal thymus morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • abnormal thymus cortex morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • the thymic cortex is rapidly depleted of lymphocytes over time
      • small thymus (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • a bilobed thymus is present but extremely small and is densely populated with lymphocytes
    • extramedullary hematopoiesis (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • abundant hematopoiesis in the hepatic sinusoids, spleen and bone marrow
    • increased leukocyte cell number (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
  • liver/biliary system phenotype
    • abnormal liver morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • lesions in the liver
      • centrolobular hepatic cords are atrophied
      • occasionally livers have marked erythrophagocytosis or hemosiderin deposits in Kupffer cells
      • enlarged liver (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • enlarged liver sinusoidal spaces (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • multifocal hepatic necrosis (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • many mice have a thin, sharply demarcated rim of necrosis along the margins of the live
        • areas of acute coagulative necrosis without inflammation are present at the tips of liver lobes
    • jaundice (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • severely anemic mice may exhibit slight icterus
    • liver inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • leukocytic infiltrations are present in the portal areas of the liver
  • homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
    • atrial thrombosis (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • occasionally see acute right atrial thrombosis
    • pleural effusion (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • severely anemic mice may exhibit pleural effusion
  • renal/urinary system phenotype
  • behavior/neurological phenotype
    • hunched posture (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
  • cardiovascular system phenotype
    • enlarged heart (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • severely anemic mice may exhibit cardiomegaly
    • enlarged liver sinusoidal spaces (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
  • endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
    • cryptorchism (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • testicles are retained in the abdominal cavity
    • small testis (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
  • craniofacial phenotype
    • scaly ears (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • crusting of the ears by 14-15 days of age
    • small ears (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • ears are small and sometimes folded
    • thick ears (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
  • integument phenotype
    • abnormal epidermal layer morphology (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • occasionally see intraepidermal pustules
      • epidermal hyperplasia (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • orthokeratosis (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • moderate to severe orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis
      • parakeratosis (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
        • multifocal parakeratosis
    • dermatitis (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • a diffuse lymphohistiocytic infiltration of the entire dermis that is most severe in the prepuce, ears, eyelids and facial skin
    • scaly skin (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • by 14-15 days of age, ears, feet, tail and eyelids are scaly
      • scales on base of tail may form thick circumferential rings
    • skin lesions (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • apparent at 7 days of age
  • respiratory system phenotype
    • pleural effusion (MGI Ref ID J:11262)
      • severely anemic mice may exhibit pleural effusion
Foxp3sf/-
        involves: 101/H * C3H/HeH * STOCK MR
  • mortality/aging
    • complete lethality at weaning (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • death occurs as early as P18 and most die between 19 and 22 days, although a few survive to 30 days
  • growth/size phenotype
    • decreased body size (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • decreased body weight (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
    • postnatal growth retardation (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • from 14-18 days there is a marked retardation of growth although animals are normal in size before then
  • vision/eye phenotype
    • conjunctivitis (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
    • narrow eye opening (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • closed eyelids in almost all 14 day or older mice due to conjunctivitis
      • eyelid aperature is small
  • hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
  • reproductive system phenotype
    • abnormal male reproductive system morphology (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • reddening and swelling of the genital papilla at P12-14
      • absent scrotum (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • cryptorchism (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
        • testes are abdominal or inguinal
    • short perineum (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
    • small gonad (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • reproductive structures are extremely underdeveloped
  • immune system phenotype
    • abnormal spleen morphology (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • increased spleen red pulp amount (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
        • hyperplasia of the red pulp
      • increased spleen weight (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
        • about four times the normal weight
      • increased spleen white pulp amount (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
        • hyperplasia of the white pulp
      • intermingled spleen red and white pulp (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
        • architecture of the spleen is disrupted, with white and red pulp intermingling
    • conjunctivitis (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
    • increased leukocyte cell number (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
  • hematopoietic system phenotype
    • abnormal erythrocyte morphology (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • anemia (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
        • become pale and anemic 2-3 days before death
      • decreased erythrocyte cell number (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
        • low at birth and decrease as disease progresses
      • decreased hematocrit (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • decreased hemoglobin content (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
        • older animals exhibit hypochromic red blood cells
    • abnormal reticulocyte morphology (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • increased reticulocyte count
    • abnormal spleen morphology (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • increased spleen red pulp amount (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
        • hyperplasia of the red pulp
      • increased spleen weight (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
        • about four times the normal weight
      • increased spleen white pulp amount (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
        • hyperplasia of the white pulp
      • intermingled spleen red and white pulp (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
        • architecture of the spleen is disrupted, with white and red pulp intermingling
    • decreased megakaryocyte cell number (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • depletion of the number of megakaryocytes with age in the bone marrow
      • megakaryocytes are reduced at 13 days of age, more reduced at 17 days of age, and almost absent from the spleen at 20 days of age
    • decreased platelet cell number (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • low at birth and decrease as disease progresses
    • extramedullary hematopoiesis (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • persistence of hematopoiesis in the liver
    • increased leukocyte cell number (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
  • liver/biliary system phenotype
    • abnormal liver morphology (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • liver is dotted with yellow foci in some animals, suggesting infection
      • enlarged liver (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • pale liver (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
  • renal/urinary system phenotype
  • behavior/neurological phenotype
    • lethargy (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • become lethargic the day before death
  • cardiovascular system phenotype
    • gastrointestinal hemorrhage (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
  • digestive/alimentary phenotype
    • diarrhea (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • some mice have diarrhea from the age of 14-15 days
    • gastrointestinal hemorrhage (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
    • melena (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • blood in feces is seen 2-3 days before death
    • short perineum (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
  • respiratory system phenotype
    • abnormal breathing pattern (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
  • endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
    • cryptorchism (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • testes are abdominal or inguinal
  • craniofacial phenotype
  • integument phenotype
    • scaly skin (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
      • first visible on the underside of the tail and later on other body parts
    • tight skin (MGI Ref ID J:10398)
Foxp3sf/-
        involves: STOCK MR
  • mortality/aging
    • postnatal lethality (MGI Ref ID J:13126)
      • 2/3 die before weaning and most of the rest shortly after weaning, though occasionally can live for several months
    • premature death (MGI Ref ID J:13126)
      • the vast majority of mice that live past weaning die shortly thereafter
  • growth/size phenotype
    • decreased body size (MGI Ref ID J:13126)
      • the few mice that live to adulthood are runty
  • reproductive system phenotype
    • abnormal male reproductive system morphology (MGI Ref ID J:13126)
      • reddening of the genital papilla at P11
      • absent prostate gland anterior lobe (MGI Ref ID J:14076)
      • absent scrotum (MGI Ref ID J:14076)
      • absent seminal vesicle (MGI Ref ID J:14076)
      • cryptorchism (MGI Ref ID J:14076)
        • testes are abdominal
      • small testis (MGI Ref ID J:14076)
    • male infertility (MGI Ref ID J:14076)
    • male infertility (MGI Ref ID J:13126)
      • the few mice that live to adulthood are infertile
    • small gonad (MGI Ref ID J:14076)
      • small testis (MGI Ref ID J:14076)
  • vision/eye phenotype
    • delayed eyelid opening (MGI Ref ID J:13126)
      • eyelids are delayed in opening
  • endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
    • absent prostate gland anterior lobe (MGI Ref ID J:14076)
    • absent seminal vesicle (MGI Ref ID J:14076)
    • cryptorchism (MGI Ref ID J:14076)
      • testes are abdominal
    • small testis (MGI Ref ID J:14076)
  • integument phenotype
    • scaly skin (MGI Ref IDs J:14076, J:13126)
      • exhibit ichythosis (MGI Ref ID J:14076)
      • first the tail, and then other parts of the body exhibit scaliness (MGI Ref ID J:13126)
    • tight skin (MGI Ref ID J:13126)
      • mice also have tight skin

Founder genetic background: 129/Rl (ORNL)

Strain genetic background: BALB/c-Thy1.1

Strain Development: 129/Rl-sf N105 obtained from ORNL in 2000. BALB/c-Thy1.1 obtained from Shimon Sakaguchi (Japan) and congenic strain was created by 10 backcrosses to this BALB/c substrain.

Suggested Control Mice:

  • Wildtype littermates

Research Applications

  • Immunology and Inflammation
  • Models for Human Disease

Strain Origin

Donor: Virginia Godfrey, DVM, Ph.D., University of North Carolina

Primary Reference:

  • Ramsdell F. Foxp3 and natural regulatory T cells: key to a cell lineage? Immunity. 2003 Aug;19(2):165-8. Review. (Medline PMID: 12932350)
  • Fontenot JD, Gavin MA, Rudensky AY. Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol. 2003 Apr;4(4):330-6. Epub 2003 Mar 3. (Medline PMID: 12612578)

Special Considerations

Scurfy males are very susceptible to colitis induced by Helicobacter infection. This strain is best maintained in sterilized microisolator conditions that prevent the introduction of Helicobacter sp.

Health Status Report

Mice recovered from a cryo-archive will have health surveillance performed on recipient females. Health reports will be provided prior to shipment. If you require additional health status information, please email mmrrc_health@med.unc.edu.

Order Request Information

Availability Level:

Limited quantities of breeder mice (recovered litter) are available from a cryoarchive; recovered litter usually available to ship in 3 to 4 months.

Conditions of Distribution:

Distribution of this strain requires submission of the MMRRC Conditions of Use (COU). A link to the COU web form will be provided via email after an order has been placed; the form should be completed then or the email forwarded to your institutional official for completion.

The donor or their institution limits the distribution to non-profit institutions only.

Fees:

Additional charges may apply for any special requests. Shipping costs are in addition to the basic distribution/resuscitation fees. Information on shipping costs and any additional charges will be provided by the supplying MMRRC facility.

Click button to Request this one strain. (Use the MMRRC Catalog Search to request more than one strain.)
MMRRC Item # Description
Distribution
Fee/unit (US $)		 Units Notes
010500-UNC-RESUSLitter recovered from cryo-archive
$2,022.00
Non-Profit
 Litter Recovered litter1; additional fees for any special requests.
010500-UNC-EMBRYOCryo-preserved embryos
$1,038.00
Non-Profit
 Aliquot Approximate quantity3: 20-40 embryos / aliquot

1 The distribution fee covers the expense of resuscitating mice from the cryo-archive; you will receive the resulting litter. The litter will contain at minimum one mutant carrier; the actual number of animals and the gender and genotype ratios will vary. (Typically, multiple breeder pairs can be established from the recovered litter.) Prior to shipment, the MMRRC will provide information about the animals recovered. If you anticipate or find that you need to request specific genotypes, genders or quantities of mice in excess of what is likely from a resuscitated litter, you may discuss available options and pricing with the supplying MMRRC facility.

2 An aliquot is one straw or vial with sufficient sperm to recover at least one litter of mice, as per provided protocols, when performed at the MMRRC facility. The MMRRC makes no guarantee concerning the success of these procedures when performed outside the MMRRC facilities.

3 An aliquot contains a sufficient number of embryos (in one or more vials and based on the transfer success rate of the MMRRC facility) to transfer to at least two recipients. The MMRRC makes no guarantee concerning embryo transfer success experienced in the recipient investigator's laboratory. Neither gender nor genotype ratios are guaranteed.

To request material from the MMRRC: Please fill out our on-line request form (accessible from the catalog search results page, or click the "Request this Strain" button above). If you have questions or need assistance completing this form, you may call Customer Service at (800) 910-2291 (in USA or Canada) or (530) 757-5710 (international calls). Before you call, please have with you: the MMRRC item number, quantity needed, Bill-to and Ship-to contact information.

The MMRRC is a collaborative effort, funded by grants from the NIH

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