Strain Name:
C57BL/6J-MtgxR8907Btlr/Mmmh
Stock Number:
068763-MU
Citation ID:
RRID:MMRRC_068763-MU
Other Names:
R8907 (G1)
Major Collection:

Strain Information

Tyrp1
Name: tyrosinase-related protein 1
Synonyms: TRP1, TRP-1, Oca3, isa, Tyrp
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 4
NCBI: 22178
Homologene: 464
Kmt2c
Name: lysine (K)-specific methyltransferase 2C
Synonyms: HALR, E330008K23Rik, Mll3
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 5
NCBI: 231051
Homologene: 46480
Epha4
Name: Eph receptor A4
Synonyms: Cek8, Sek, Tyro1, Hek8, 2900005C20Rik, Sek1, rb
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 1
NCBI: 13838
HGNC: HGNC:3388
Homologene: 20933
Pcf11
Name: PCF11 cleavage and polyadenylation factor subunit
Synonyms: 5730417B17Rik, 2500001H09Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 7
NCBI: 74737
Homologene: 32282
Map4k4
Name: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4
Synonyms: Nik, 9430080K19Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 1
NCBI: 26921
HGNC: HGNC:6866
Homologene: 7442
Sec62
Name: SEC62 homolog, preprotein translocation
Synonyms: SEC62, Tloc1, HTP1, Dtrp1, 3100002M17Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 3
NCBI: 69276
Homologene: 2449
Akap13
Name: A kinase anchor protein 13
Synonyms: 5730522G15Rik, 1700026G02Rik, PROTO-LB, Ht31, PROTO-LBC, 5830460E08Rik, AKAP-Lbc
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 7
NCBI: 75547
HGNC: HGNC:371
Homologene: 4903
Atxn2l
Name: ataxin 2-like
Synonyms: A2D, A2LG, A2RP, A2lp
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 7
NCBI: 233871
Homologene: 16513
Bltp1
Name: bridge-like lipid transfer protein family member 1
Synonyms: Tweek, FSA, 4932438A13Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 3
NCBI: 229227
Homologene: 52105
Rsf1
Name: remodeling and spacing factor 1
Synonyms: Hbxap, p325, XAP8, C030033M12Rik, 4832420A03Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 7
NCBI: 233532
Homologene: 41142
Prom1
Name: prominin 1
Synonyms: Prom-1, Prom, AC133, 4932416E19Rik, CD133
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 5
NCBI: 19126
HGNC: HGNC:9454
Homologene: 4390
Zfp617
Name: zinc finger protein 617
Synonyms: Zinc finger protein s11-6, Zfps11-6
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 8
NCBI: 170938
Homologene: 135689
Cklf
Name: chemokine-like factor
Synonyms: chemokine-like factor 4, Cklf6, CKLF5, HSPC224, UCK-1, CKLF4, CKLF3, CKLF2, CKLF1, C32, 1700001C14Rik, A730028G07Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 8
NCBI: 75458
Homologene: 9663
Ptprm
Name: protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type M
Synonyms: RPTPmu
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 17
NCBI: 19274
VEGA: 17
HGNC: HGNC:9675
Homologene: 37694
Sptb
Name: spectrin beta, erythrocytic
Synonyms: LOC383567, D330027P03Rik, Spnb1, spectrin R, Spnb-1, brain erythroid spectrin (235E)
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 12
NCBI: 20741
Homologene: 295
Agap3
Name: ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 3
Synonyms: Crag, Centg3, MRIP-1
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 5
NCBI: 213990
Homologene: 23742
Eea1
Name: early endosome antigen 1
Synonyms: ZFYVE2, A430109M19Rik, B230358H09Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 10
NCBI: 216238
VEGA: 10
HGNC: HGNC:3185
Homologene: 37822
Trpa1
Name: transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1
Synonyms: ANKTM1
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 1
NCBI: 277328
HGNC: HGNC:497
Homologene: 7189
Ctnnd2
Name: catenin delta 2
Synonyms: Nprap, catenin (cadherin associated protein), delta 2, Catnd2, neurojugin
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 15
NCBI: 18163
VEGA: 15
HGNC: HGNC:2516
Homologene: 55574
Myo15a
Name: myosin XVA
Synonyms: Myo15
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 11
NCBI: 17910
HGNC: HGNC:7594
Homologene: 56504
Frmd4b
Name: FERM domain containing 4B
Synonyms: GRSP1, 6030440G05Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 6
NCBI: 232288
Homologene: 14916
Pkhd1
Name: polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1
Synonyms: tigmin, FPC
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 1
NCBI: 241035
HGNC: HGNC:9016
Homologene: 16336
Helz2
Name: helicase with zinc finger 2, transcriptional coactivator
Synonyms: BC006779
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 2
NCBI: 229003
Homologene: 14118
Nprl2
Name: NPR2 like, GATOR1 complex subunit
Synonyms: G21, 2810446G01Rik, Tusc4, NPRL2, NPR2L
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 9
NCBI: 56032
Homologene: 4771
Fsip2
Name: fibrous sheath-interacting protein 2
Synonyms: OTTMUSG00000013335
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 2
NCBI: 241516
Homologene: 110349
Col5a2
Name: collagen, type V, alpha 2
Synonyms: 1110014L14Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 1
NCBI: 12832
HGNC: HGNC:2210
Homologene: 20119
Gm7298
Name: predicted gene 7298
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 6
NCBI: 640530
HGNC: HGNC:9750
Vmn2r10
Name: vomeronasal 2, receptor 10
Synonyms: VR16, V2r16
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 5
NCBI: 22307
Homologene: 129606
Pard3b
Name: par-3 family cell polarity regulator beta
Synonyms: PAR3beta, Als2cr19, PAR3L, 1810008K04Rik, PAR3B, 2010002N16Rik, 2810455B10Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 1
NCBI: 72823
Homologene: 35389
Col6a6
Name: collagen, type VI, alpha 6
Synonyms: E330026B02Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 9
NCBI: 245026
Homologene: 18260
Muc5b
Name: mucin 5, subtype B, tracheobronchial
Synonyms: MUC5, 2300002I04Rik, MUC9
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 7
NCBI: 74180
HGNC: HGNC:7516
Homologene: 136756
Ahnak
Name: AHNAK nucleoprotein
Synonyms: DY6, 1110004P15Rik, 2310047C17Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 19
NCBI: 66395
VEGA: 19
HGNC: HGNC:347
Homologene: 67425
Cspg4
Name: chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4
Synonyms: Cspg4a, AN2, 4732461B14Rik, NG2
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 9
NCBI: 121021
VEGA: 9
HGNC: HGNC:2466
Homologene: 20445
Ngef
Name: neuronal guanine nucleotide exchange factor
Synonyms: ephexin, Tims2
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 1
NCBI: 53972
HGNC: HGNC:7807
Homologene: 75120
Bphl
Name: biphenyl hydrolase like
Synonyms: 2010012D11Rik, 5730533B08Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 13
NCBI: 68021
VEGA: 13
HGNC: HGNC:1094
Homologene: 55812
Npc1l1
Name: NPC1 like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1
Synonyms: Niemann-Pick disease, type C1, 9130221N23Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 11
NCBI: 237636
HGNC: HGNC:7898
Homologene: 56585
Mmrn1
Name: multimerin 1
Synonyms: Emilin4, 4921530G03Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 6
NCBI: 70945
HGNC: HGNC:7178
Homologene: 49134
Sdk1
Name: sidekick cell adhesion molecule 1
Synonyms: 6720466O15Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 5
NCBI: 330222
Homologene: 27395
St3gal6
Name: ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 6
Synonyms: ST3Gal VI, 1700023B24Rik, Siat10
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 16
NCBI: 54613
Homologene: 4448
Asrgl1
Name: asparaginase like 1
Synonyms: 2410004D18Rik, ALP1
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 19
NCBI: 66514
Homologene: 11825
5930422O12Rik
Name: RIKEN cDNA 5930422O12 gene
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 8
Vmn1r19
Name: vomeronasal 1 receptor 19
Synonyms: V1rc27
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 6
NCBI: 171200
Homologene: 134034
Gcnt4
Name: glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 4, core 2 (beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase)
Synonyms: C2GNT3, LOC218476, LOC238786, Gm73
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 13
NCBI: 218476
VEGA: 13
Homologene: 41144
Fmn1
Name: formin 1
Synonyms: Fmn, formin-1
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 2
NCBI: 14260
HGNC: HGNC:3768
Homologene: 121778
Or4c113
Name: olfactory receptor family 4 subfamily C member 113
Synonyms: Olfr1218, GA_x6K02T2Q125-50536041-50535106, MOR233-12
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 2
NCBI: 258815
Homologene: 73986
Tfpi2
Name: tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2
Synonyms: PP5/TFPI-2
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 6
NCBI: 21789
Homologene: 38194
Cdh10
Name: cadherin 10
Synonyms: C030011H18Rik, A830016G23Rik, C030003B10Rik, T2-cadherin
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 15
NCBI: 320873
HGNC: HGNC:1749
Homologene: 68530
Alpk1
Name: alpha-kinase 1
Synonyms: 8430410J10Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 3
NCBI: 71481
Homologene: 11849
Ceacam1
Name: CEA cell adhesion molecule 1
Synonyms: MHVR1, Bgp1, Cea1, Hv2, C-CAM, Cea7, Cea-7, CD66a, Mhv-1, Cea-1, Bgp, Hv-2, mmCGM1, mCEA1, mmCGM2, Cc1
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 7
NCBI: 26365
Homologene: 128630
Gstp3
Name: glutathione S-transferase pi 3
Synonyms: BC021614
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 19
NCBI: 225884
HGNC: HGNC:4638
Homologene: 129928
Cln5
Name: ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 5
Synonyms: A730075N08Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 14
NCBI: 211286
VEGA: 14
HGNC: HGNC:2076
Homologene: 4738
Serpinb13
Name: serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 13
Synonyms: HURPIN, PI13, headpin, HUR7
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 1
NCBI: 241196
HGNC: HGNC:8944
Homologene: 22718
Fdxacb1
Name: ferredoxin-fold anticodon binding domain containing 1
Synonyms: D630004A14Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 9
NCBI: 382137
Homologene: 19813
Klri1
Name: killer cell lectin-like receptor family I member 1
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 6
NCBI: 503550
Homologene: 86735
Fcamr
Name: Fc receptor, IgA, IgM, high affinity
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 1
NCBI: 64435
Homologene: 12929
Bcl2l14
Name: BCL2 like 14
Synonyms: 4933405K19Rik, 9030625M01Rik, 4930452K23Rik, Bcl-G
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 6
NCBI: 66813
Homologene: 49840
Rab8b
Name: RAB8B, member RAS oncogene family
Synonyms: Rab8b
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 9
NCBI: 235442
VEGA: 9
Homologene: 69220
Ppargc1a
Name: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha
Synonyms: Gm11133, Pgc-1alpha, A830037N07Rik, Pgc-1alphaa, Pgc1, Pgco1, PPAR Gamma Coactivator-1
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 5
NCBI: 19017
HGNC: HGNC:9237
Homologene: 7485
Crb2
Name: crumbs family member 2
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 2
NCBI: 241324
Homologene: 45474
Evx1
Name: even-skipped homeobox 1
Synonyms: Evx-1
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 6
NCBI: 14028
HGNC: HGNC:3506
Homologene: 1507
Atp6v0d1
Name: ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit D1
Synonyms: Vma6, Ac39, P39, lysosomal 38kDa, Atp6d
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 8
NCBI: 11972
Homologene: 3444
Trem6l
Name: triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-like 6
Synonyms: B430306N03Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 17
NCBI: 320148
Homologene: 138443
Tpbgl
Name: trophoblast glycoprotein-like
Synonyms: Gm4980
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 7
NCBI: 100503386
Homologene: 47844
Tmem121b
Name: transmembrane protein 121B
Synonyms: Cecr6
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 6
NCBI: 94047
HGNC: HGNC:1844
Homologene: 12893
Frmpd2
Name: FERM and PDZ domain containing 2
Synonyms: Gm626, LOC380890, Frmpd2, LOC268729, ENSMUSG00000071536
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 14
NCBI: 268729
Homologene: 51854
Genetic Alterations
ENU-induced transitions at the following base pair locations (GRCm38):
  • A to G, chromosome 1 at 14,889,440 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 1 at 14,893,339 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 1 at 20,117,561 bp
  • C to T, chromosome 1 at 40,019,610 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 1 at 45,416,946 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 1 at 62,344,135 bp
  • A to C, chromosome 1 at 77,506,785 bp
  • G to A, chromosome 1 at 87,477,654 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 1 at 107,000,789 bp
  • G to T, chromosome 1 at 130,812,591 bp
  • G to A, chromosome 2 at 37,795,383 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 2 at 82,986,640 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 2 at 89,055,198 bp
  • T to G, chromosome 2 at 113,525,569 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 2 at 181,233,127 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 3 at 30,810,472 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 3 at 36,948,146 bp
  • G to A, chromosome 3 at 127,680,993 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 4 at 80,837,561 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 5 at 24,474,631 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 5 at 25,309,611 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 5 at 44,001,793 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 5 at 51,490,228 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 5 at 109,001,925 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 5 at 142,084,523 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 6 at 3,967,996 bp
  • C to T, chromosome 6 at 52,316,761 bp
  • G to T, chromosome 6 at 57,405,006 bp
  • G to A, chromosome 6 at 60,976,093 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 6 at 97,296,085 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 6 at 120,492,746 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 6 at 121,764,858 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 6 at 129,703,320 bp
  • G to A, chromosome 6 at 134,423,622 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 7 at 25,472,019 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 7 at 75,610,696 bp
  • C to G, chromosome 7 at 75,610,708 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 7 at 92,653,243 bp
  • GGCG to GGCGACGGCTGCG, chromosome 7 at 97,579,906 bp
  • GGCGGCGGC to GGCGGCGGCCGCGGCGGC, chromosome 7 at 97,579,918 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 7 at 99,625,975 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 7 at 126,500,253 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 7 at 141,864,138 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 8 at 33,429,370 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 8 at 71,933,083 bp
  • G to A, chromosome 8 at 104,251,039 bp
  • TTCTTACCTC to T, chromosome 8 at 105,525,150 bp
  • C to T, chromosome 9 at 50,770,151 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 9 at 56,883,683 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 9 at 66,919,525 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 9 at 105,767,329 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 9 at 107,544,796 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 10 at 95,990,412 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 11 at 6,228,157 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 11 at 60,526,608 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 12 at 76,587,412 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 12 at 114,538,733 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 13 at 34,046,947 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 13 at 96,947,336 bp
  • T to G, chromosome 14 at 33,526,423 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 14 at 103,073,275 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 15 at 19,013,435 bp
  • C to T, chromosome 15 at 30,905,727 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 16 at 58,493,732 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 17 at 48,321,072 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 17 at 66,744,737 bp
  • C to T, chromosome 19 at 4,058,145 bp
  • G to A, chromosome 19 at 9,009,088 bp
  • C to T, chromosome 19 at 9,113,142 bp
Phenotype
G1 male heterozygous mice are viable and fertile. The G1 mice were not characterized prior to archiving.
Strain Development
C57BL/6J mice were injected with ENU, resulting in G0 mice that were bred back to C57BL/6J. Sperm was archived from G1 male mice that produced viable G2 mice.
Suggested Control Mice
Wild-type littermates or C57BL/6J mice
MMRRC Genetic QC Summary
The MMRRC Centers have developed a genetic QC pipeline using MiniMUGA array genotyping to provide additional information on strain backgrounds for MMRRC congenic and inbred strains. For more information on when data may be available, or to request genotyping for a strain of interest, please contact mmrrc@missouri.edu. Older strains may not have this information.
Donor
Bruce Beutler, M.D., University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
Primary Reference
MUTAGENETIX record for R8907 (G1). B. Beutler and colleagues, Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX.

Colony and Husbandry Information

Colony Surveillance Program and Current Health Reports

Mice recovered from a cryo-archive will have health surveillance performed on recipient females. Health reports will be provided prior to shipment. If you require additional health status information, please email mmrrc@missouri.edu.
Coat Color
Black
MMRRC Breeding System
Random intra-strain mating
Breeding Scheme(s)
When maintaining a live colony, heterozygous mice may be bred together, bred with wild-type siblings, or bred with C57BL/6J inbred mice.
Overall Breeding Performance
Undetermined; during development, mating was done with heterozygous males; viability, fertility and other breeding statistics for heterozygous females and homozygotes are unverified, but presumably would be similar to the C57BL/6J background strain
Average litter size
Undetermined
Recommended wean age
3 weeks

Order Request Information

Limited quantities of breeder mice (recovered litter) are available from a cryoarchive; recovered litter usually available to ship in 3 to 4 months.

Cryopreserved material may be available upon request, please inquire to mmrrc@missouri.edu for more information.

Distribution of this strain requires submission of the MMRRC Conditions of Use (COU). A link to the COU web form will be provided via email after an order has been placed; the form should be completed then or the email forwarded to your institutional official for completion.

The donor or their institution limits the distribution to non-profit institutions only.

Additional charges may apply for any special requests. Shipping costs are in addition to the basic distribution/resuscitation fees. Information on shipping costs and any additional charges will be provided by the supplying MMRRC facility.

Click button to Request this one strain. (Use the MMRRC Catalog Search to request more than one strain.)
MMRRC Item # Description Distribution Fee / Unit (US $)
*Shipping & Handling not included*
Units Notes
068763-MU-RESUS Litter recovered from cryo-archive $5,475.00 / Non-Profit Litter Recovered litter4; additional fees for any special requests.
Cryopreserved material may be available upon request, please inquire to mmrrc@missouri.edu for more information.

1 The distribution fee covers the expense of rederiving mice from a live mouse; you will receive the resulting litter. The litter will contain at minimum one mutant carrier; the actual number of animals and the gender and genotype ratios will vary. (Typically, multiple breeder pairs can be established from the recovered litter.) Prior to shipment, the MMRRC will provide information about the animals recovered. If you anticipate or find that you need to request specific genotypes, genders or quantities of mice in excess of what is likely from a resuscitated litter, you may discuss available options and pricing with the supplying MMRRC facility.

2 An aliquot contains a sufficient number of embryos (in one or more vials or straws and based on the transfer success rate of the MMRRC facility) to transfer into one to three recipients. The MMRRC makes no guarantee concerning embryo transfer success experienced in the recipient investigator's laboratory. Neither gender nor genotype ratios are guaranteed.

3 An aliquot is one straw or vial with sufficient sperm to recover at least one litter of mice, as per provided protocols, when performed at the MMRRC facility. The MMRRC makes no guarantee concerning the success of these procedures when performed outside the MMRRC facilities.

4 The distribution fee covers the expense of resuscitating mice from the cryo-archive; you will receive the resulting litter. The litter will contain at minimum one mutant carrier; the actual number of animals and the gender and genotype ratios will vary. (Typically, multiple breeder pairs can be established from the recovered litter.) Prior to shipment, the MMRRC will provide information about the animals recovered. If you anticipate or find that you need to request specific genotypes, genders or quantities of mice in excess of what is likely from a resuscitated litter, you may discuss available options and pricing with the supplying MMRRC facility.

To request material from the MMRRC: Please fill out our on-line request form (accessible from the catalog search results page, or click the Request this Strain button in the fees section). If you have questions or need assistance completing this form, you may call Customer Service at (800) 910-2291 (in USA or Canada) or (530) 757-5710 (international calls). Before you call, please have with you: the MMRRC item number, quantity needed, Bill-to and Ship-to contact information.