Strain Name:
C57BL/6J-MtgxR0388Btlr/Mmmh
Stock Number:
038594-MU
Citation ID:
RRID:MMRRC_038594-MU
Other Names:
R0388 (G1), C57BL/6J-MtgxR0388Btlr
Major Collection:

Strain Information

Pknox1
Name: Pbx/knotted 1 homeobox
Synonyms: PREP1, D17Wsu76e
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 17
NCBI: 18771
HGNC: HGNC:9022
Homologene: 3363
Mon1b
Name: MON1 homolog B, secretory traffciking associated
Synonyms: 5033413H12Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 8
NCBI: 270096
Homologene: 69174
Chd7
Name: chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7
Synonyms: GENA 60, GENA 47, Gena 52, Cyn, A730019I05Rik, WBE1, Whi, Todo, Obt, Mt, Lda, Flo, Edy, Dz, Cycn
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 4
NCBI: 320790
Homologene: 19067
Cdh3
Name: cadherin 3
Synonyms: P-cadherin, Cadp, Pcad
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 8
NCBI: 12560
HGNC: HGNC:1762
Homologene: 20425
Kcnj5
Name: potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 5
Synonyms: Kir3.4, GIRK4
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 9
NCBI: 16521
VEGA: 9
HGNC: HGNC:6266
Homologene: 20248
Tns3
Name: tensin 3
Synonyms: TEM6, F830010I22Rik, Tens1
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 11
NCBI: 319939
Homologene: 49713
Tlr6
Name: toll-like receptor 6
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 5
NCBI: 21899
Homologene: 21223
Timeless
Name: timeless circadian clock 1
Synonyms: tim
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 10
NCBI: 21853
Homologene: 31206
Neurl4
Name: neuralized E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 4
Synonyms: 0610025P10Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 11
NCBI: 216860
Homologene: 13029
Kif16b
Name: kinesin family member 16B
Synonyms: N-3 kinesin, 8430434E15Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 2
NCBI: 16558
Homologene: 135708
Vps13c
Name: vacuolar protein sorting 13C
Synonyms: C230055H22Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 9
NCBI: 320528
VEGA: 9
Homologene: 41188
Mycbp2
Name: MYC binding protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
Synonyms: Pam, C130061D10Rik, Phr1
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 14
NCBI: 105689
Homologene: 9005
Shroom3
Name: shroom family member 3
Synonyms: D5Ertd287e, Shrm, Shrm3
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 5
NCBI: 27428
Homologene: 9263
Thada
Name: thyroid adenoma associated
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 17
NCBI: 240174
VEGA: 17
Homologene: 75175
Osbpl8
Name: oxysterol binding protein-like 8
Synonyms: ORP-8, D330025H14Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 10
NCBI: 237542
VEGA: 10
Homologene: 68813
Rab11fip3
Name: RAB11 family interacting protein 3 (class II)
Synonyms: Rab11-FIP3, D030060O14Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 17
NCBI: 215445
Homologene: 49396
Gnai3
Name: G protein subunit alpha i3
Synonyms: Galphai3
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 3
NCBI: 14679
HGNC: HGNC:4387
Homologene: 55975
Esf1
Name: ESF1 nucleolar pre-rRNA processing protein homolog
Synonyms: 2610101J03Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 2
NCBI: 66580
Homologene: 5717
Parn
Name: poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (deadenylation nuclease)
Synonyms: DAN, 1200003I18Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 16
NCBI: 74108
VEGA: 16
HGNC: HGNC:8609
Homologene: 31098
Rif1
Name: replication timing regulatory factor 1
Synonyms: 5730435J01Rik, 6530403D07Rik, D2Ertd145e
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 2
NCBI: 51869
Homologene: 41231
Fanci
Name: Fanconi anemia, complementation group I
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 7
NCBI: 208836
Homologene: 49530
Prkcq
Name: protein kinase C, theta
Synonyms: PKC-0, Pkcq, A130035A12Rik, PKC-theta, PKC theta, PKCtheta
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 2
NCBI: 18761
HGNC: HGNC:9410
Homologene: 21263
Dmbt1
Name: deleted in malignant brain tumors 1
Synonyms: CRP-[b], CRP-[a], ebnerin, hensin, vomeroglandin, Crpd, MUCLIN, gp300
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 7
NCBI: 12945
HGNC: HGNC:2926
Homologene: 68990
Ntng2
Name: netrin G2
Synonyms: Lmnt2, 2610016D08Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 2
NCBI: 171171
Homologene: 13053
Camta1
Name: calmodulin binding transcription activator 1
Synonyms: 2310058O09Rik, 1810059M14Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 4
NCBI: 100072
Homologene: 18942
Oas1d
Name: 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase 1D
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 5
NCBI: 100535
HGNC: HGNC:8086
Homologene: 110815
Hspg2
Name: perlecan (heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2)
Synonyms: per, Pcn, Plc, perlecan
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 4
NCBI: 15530
HGNC: HGNC:5273
Homologene: 68473
Zfyve27
Name: zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 27
Synonyms: 9530077C24Rik, 2210011N02Rik, protrudin
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 19
NCBI: 319740
Homologene: 16939
Sass6
Name: SAS-6 centriolar assembly protein
Synonyms: 2810453L12Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 3
NCBI: 72776
Homologene: 45668
Zfp933
Name: zinc finger protein 933
Synonyms: 2810408P10Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 4
NCBI: 242747
Homologene: 138474
Inpp4a
Name: inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase, type I
Synonyms: 107kDa
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 1
NCBI: 269180
HGNC: HGNC:6074
Homologene: 2871
Nav1
Name: neuron navigator 1
Synonyms: POMFIL3, 9930003A20Rik, C230080M11Rik, unc53H1, steerin-1
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 1
NCBI: 215690
Homologene: 10719
Pprc1
Name: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator-related 1
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 19
NCBI: 226169
Homologene: 9006
Slc35d1
Name: solute carrier family 35 (UDP-glucuronic acid/UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine dual transporter), member D1
Synonyms: UGTREL7
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 4
NCBI: 242585
Homologene: 22870
Med12l
Name: mediator complex subunit 12-like
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 3
NCBI: 329650
Homologene: 43143
Dmpk
Name: dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase
Synonyms: DM, Dm15
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 7
NCBI: 13400
HGNC: HGNC:2933
Homologene: 3247
Ptpn13
Name: protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 13
Synonyms: PTP-BL, Ptpri, PTPL1
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 5
NCBI: 19249
HGNC: HGNC:9646
Homologene: 7909
Syne2
Name: spectrin repeat containing, nuclear envelope 2
Synonyms: nesprin-2, syne-2, D12Ertd777e, 6820443O06Rik, Nesp2g, Cpfl8, diminished cone electroretinogram, dice
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 12
NCBI: 319565
Homologene: 56700
Cntn3
Name: contactin 3
Synonyms: Pang
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 6
NCBI: 18488
HGNC: HGNC:2173
Homologene: 7461
Aox2
Name: aldehyde oxidase 2
Synonyms: Aox3l1
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 1
NCBI: 213043
Homologene: 84622
Ttll9
Name: tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family, member 9
Synonyms: 4930509O20Rik, 1700016F23Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 2
NCBI: 74711
Homologene: 41769
Chd5
Name: chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 5
Synonyms: B230399N07Rik, 4930532L22Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 4
NCBI: 269610
Homologene: 56712
Dcaf17
Name: DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 17
Synonyms: 2810055O12Rik, A030004A10Rik, 4833418A01Rik, A930009G19Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 2
NCBI: 75763
Homologene: 65979
Synpo2
Name: synaptopodin 2
Synonyms: myopodin, Myo, 1110069I04Rik, 9530006G20Rik, 2310068J10Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 3
NCBI: 118449
Homologene: 15400
CAAA01180111.1
Name:
Type: Gene
Species: Mus musculus (mouse)
Chromosome: 9
Slc9a3
Name: solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3
Synonyms: NHE3, 9030624O13Rik, NHE-3
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 13
NCBI: 105243
VEGA: 13
Homologene: 55804
Afap1l2
Name: actin filament associated protein 1-like 2
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 19
NCBI: 226250
Homologene: 13057
Mmp19
Name: matrix metallopeptidase 19
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 10
NCBI: 58223
VEGA: 10
HGNC: HGNC:7165
Homologene: 1820
Sting1
Name: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1
Synonyms: 2610307O08Rik, MPYS, ERIS, Sting, Tmem173
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 18
NCBI: 72512
VEGA: 18
Homologene: 18868
Erbb2
Name: erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2
Synonyms: Neu, Neu oncogene, c-erbB2, HER-2, ErbB-2, HER2, c-neu, l11Jus8
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 11
NCBI: 13866
HGNC: HGNC:3430
Homologene: 3273
Adgrg6
Name: adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G6
Synonyms: LOC215798, 1190004A11Rik, DREG, Gpr126
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 10
NCBI: 215798
Homologene: 10724
Mast1
Name: microtubule associated serine/threonine kinase 1
Synonyms: 9430008B02Rik, SAST170, SAST
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 8
NCBI: 56527
Homologene: 10543
Slc9a9
Name: solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 9
Synonyms: 5730527A11Rik, Nhe9
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 9
NCBI: 331004
Homologene: 69753
Mpv17l
Name: Mpv17 transgene, kidney disease mutant-like
Synonyms: M-LP
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 16
NCBI: 93734
Homologene: 13547
Kcnq3
Name: potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily Q, member 3
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 15
NCBI: 110862
HGNC: HGNC:6297
Homologene: 20949
Kif28
Name: kinesin family member 28
Synonyms: LOC383592, Gm1305
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 1
NCBI: 383592
Homologene: 130945
Or1j19
Name: olfactory receptor family 1 subfamily J member 19
Synonyms: GA_x6K02T2NLDC-33481050-33481991, MOR136-8, Olfr348
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 2
NCBI: 258946
HGNC: HGNC:8209
Homologene: 105219
Gm13435
Name: predicted gene 13435
Type: Gene
Species: Mus musculus (mouse)
Chromosome: 2
NCBI: 100416052
Or5al6
Name: olfactory receptor family 5 subfamily AL member 6
Synonyms: GA_x6K02T2Q125-47615732-47614791, MOR185-12, Olfr1040
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 2
NCBI: 404323
Homologene: 79382
Dzank1
Name: double zinc ribbon and ankyrin repeat domains 1
Synonyms: 2810039F03Rik, Ankrd64, 6330439K17Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 2
NCBI: 241688
Homologene: 10037
Il12a
Name: interleukin 12a
Synonyms: IL-12p35, p35
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 3
NCBI: 16159
HGNC: HGNC:5969
Homologene: 681
Lgi2
Name: leucine-rich repeat LGI family, member 2
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 5
NCBI: 246316
Homologene: 10048
Mrgpra9
Name: MAS-related GPR, member A9
Synonyms: MrgA9, EG668725
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 7
NCBI: 668725
Homologene: 79615
Acsbg1
Name: acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 1
Synonyms: E230019G03Rik, BG1, Lpd, Bgm
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 9
NCBI: 94180
Homologene: 9044
Efcab3
Name: EF-hand calcium binding domain 3
Synonyms: 4921510J17Rik, Efcab13, Efcab15, Gm11639, Gm11639
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 11
NCBI: 108167860
Homologene: 18304
Apoo-ps
Name: apolipoprotein O, pseudogene
Synonyms: EG621156, Apoo
Type: Gene
Species: Mus musculus (mouse)
Chromosome: 13
NCBI: 621156
VEGA: 13
Pank1
Name: pantothenate kinase 1
Synonyms: 5430426F23Rik, Pank1b, Pank1a, Pank1, 4632412I06Rik
Type: Gene
Species: Mouse
Chromosome: 19
NCBI: 75735
VEGA: 19
HGNC: HGNC:8598
Homologene: 56979
Genetic Alterations
ENU-induced transitions at the following base pair locations (GRCm38):
  • A to G, chromosome 1 at 37,396,160 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 1 at 58,354,406 bp
  • A to C, chromosome 1 at 135,448,917 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 1 at 179,740,089 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 2 at 11,254,234 bp
  • G to C, chromosome 2 at 29,207,426 bp
  • C to A, chromosome 2 at 36,786,862 bp
  • A to C, chromosome 2 at 37,202,184 bp
  • GCCACCA to GCCA, chromosome 2 at 52,110,324 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 2 at 71,078,571 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 2 at 86,146,630 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 2 at 140,120,871 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 2 at 142,740,937 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 2 at 144,476,106 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 2 at 153,000,179 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 3 at 59,093,504 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 3 at 68,695,187 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 3 at 108,115,757 bp
  • C to A, chromosome 3 at 116,607,308 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 3 at 123,079,897 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 4 at 8,854,560 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 4 at 103,184,887 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 4 at 137,511,158 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 4 at 147,826,442 bp
  • C to A, chromosome 4 at 151,075,140 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 4 at 152,371,644 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 5 at 52,554,549 bp
  • G to T, chromosome 5 at 64,955,205 bp
  • G to A, chromosome 5 at 92,951,293 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 5 at 103,555,062 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 5 at 120,917,028 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 6 at 102,277,316 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 7 at 19,084,077 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 7 at 47,252,794 bp
  • C to A, chromosome 7 at 79,439,630 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 7 at 131,096,049 bp
  • T to G, chromosome 8 at 84,915,537 bp
  • C to A, chromosome 8 at 106,539,129 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 8 at 113,639,078 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 9 at 32,317,863 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 9 at 54,609,063 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 9 at 67,922,915 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 9 at 94,939,563 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 9 at 124,295,159 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 10 at 14,450,658 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 10 at 111,272,282 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 10 at 128,241,425 bp
  • G to T, chromosome 10 at 128,798,883 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 11 at 8,445,703 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 11 at 69,911,733 bp
  • G to C, chromosome 11 at 98,427,351 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 11 at 105,109,401 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 12 at 75,986,975 bp
  • C to T, chromosome 13 at 74,121,536 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 13 at 107,414,673 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 14 at 103,156,667 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 15 at 66,000,038 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 16 at 13,654,476 bp
  • A to T, chromosome 16 at 13,940,999 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 17 at 26,069,072 bp
  • T to A, chromosome 17 at 31,603,192 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 17 at 84,231,096 bp
  • A to G, chromosome 18 at 35,735,111 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 19 at 34,821,706 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 19 at 42,189,585 bp
  • T to C, chromosome 19 at 46,062,775 bp
  • A to C, chromosome 19 at 56,917,242 bp
Genotype Determination
Phenotype
G1 male heterozygous mice are viable and fertile. The G1 mice were not characterized prior to archiving.
Strain Development
C57BL/6J mice were injected with ENU, resulting in G0 mice that were bred back to C57BL/6J. Sperm was archived from G1 male mice that produced viable G2 mice.
Suggested Control Mice
Wild-type littermates or C57BL/6J mice
MMRRC Genetic QC Summary
The MMRRC Centers have developed a genetic QC pipeline using MiniMUGA array genotyping to provide additional information on strain backgrounds for MMRRC congenic and inbred strains. For more information on when data may be available, or to request genotyping for a strain of interest, please contact mmrrc@missouri.edu. Older strains may not have this information.
Donor
Bruce Beutler, M.D., University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
Primary Reference
MUTAGENETIX record for R0388 (G1). B. Beutler and colleagues, Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX.

Colony and Husbandry Information

Colony Surveillance Program and Current Health Reports

Mice recovered from a cryo-archive will have health surveillance performed on recipient females. Health reports will be provided prior to shipment. If you require additional health status information, please email mmrrc@missouri.edu.
Coat Color
Black
MMRRC Breeding System
Random intra-strain mating
Breeding Scheme(s)
When maintaining a live colony, heterozygous mice may be bred together, bred with wild-type siblings, or bred with C57BL/6J inbred mice.
Overall Breeding Performance
Undetermined; during development, mating was done with heterozygous males; viability, fertility and other breeding statistics for heterozygous females and homozygotes are unverified, but presumably would be similar to the C57BL/6J background strain
Average litter size
Undetermined
Recommended wean age
3 weeks

Order Request Information

Limited quantities of breeder mice (recovered litter) are available from a cryoarchive; recovered litter usually available to ship in 3 to 4 months.

Cryopreserved material may be available upon request, please inquire to mmrrc@missouri.edu for more information.

Distribution of this strain requires submission of the MMRRC Conditions of Use (COU). A link to the COU web form will be provided via email after an order has been placed; the form should be completed then or the email forwarded to your institutional official for completion.

The donor or their institution limits the distribution to non-profit institutions only.

Additional charges may apply for any special requests. Shipping costs are in addition to the basic distribution/resuscitation fees. Information on shipping costs and any additional charges will be provided by the supplying MMRRC facility.

Click button to Request this one strain. (Use the MMRRC Catalog Search to request more than one strain.)
MMRRC Item # Description Distribution Fee / Unit (US $)
*Shipping & Handling not included*
Units Notes
038594-MU-RESUS Litter recovered from cryo-archive $5,475.00 / Non-Profit Litter Recovered litter4; additional fees for any special requests.
Cryopreserved material may be available upon request, please inquire to mmrrc@missouri.edu for more information.

Some MMRRC strains were submitted by the donor as cryopreserved germplasm, and because these strains were not cryopreserved by the MMRRC, we have not assessed the quality, nor genotype, of this material. Our expertise in reviving mice from various qualities of frozen sperm and embryos, using methods like IVF and ICSI, gives us confidence in successful recoveries in most cases. However, due to the uncertain quality of these samples, we'll limit revival attempts to two per order. Additional attempts are available for a fee, on top of standard charges, if requested. It's important to note that some strains may lack the expected mutation, so we can't assure successful order fulfillment until we attempt to revive the strain.

1 The distribution fee covers the expense of rederiving mice from a live mouse; you will receive the resulting litter. The litter will contain at minimum one mutant carrier; the actual number of animals and the gender and genotype ratios will vary. (Typically, multiple breeder pairs can be established from the recovered litter.) Prior to shipment, the MMRRC will provide information about the animals recovered. If you anticipate or find that you need to request specific genotypes, genders or quantities of mice in excess of what is likely from a resuscitated litter, you may discuss available options and pricing with the supplying MMRRC facility.

2 An aliquot contains a sufficient number of embryos (in one or more vials or straws and based on the transfer success rate of the MMRRC facility) to transfer into one to three recipients. The MMRRC makes no guarantee concerning embryo transfer success experienced in the recipient investigator's laboratory. Neither gender nor genotype ratios are guaranteed.

3 An aliquot is one straw or vial with sufficient sperm to recover at least one litter of mice, as per provided protocols, when performed at the MMRRC facility. The MMRRC makes no guarantee concerning the success of these procedures when performed outside the MMRRC facilities.

4 The distribution fee covers the expense of resuscitating mice from the cryo-archive; you will receive the resulting litter. The litter will contain at minimum one mutant carrier; the actual number of animals and the gender and genotype ratios will vary. (Typically, multiple breeder pairs can be established from the recovered litter.) Prior to shipment, the MMRRC will provide information about the animals recovered. If you anticipate or find that you need to request specific genotypes, genders or quantities of mice in excess of what is likely from a resuscitated litter, you may discuss available options and pricing with the supplying MMRRC facility.

To request material from the MMRRC: Please fill out our on-line request form (accessible from the catalog search results page, or click the Request this Strain button in the fees section). If you have questions or need assistance completing this form, you may call Customer Service at (800) 910-2291 (in USA or Canada) or (530) 757-5710 (international calls). Before you call, please have with you: the MMRRC item number, quantity needed, Bill-to and Ship-to contact information.